The successful implementation of IP forwarding enables one workstation to sit on two LANs and to act as a gateway forwarding IP packets from one LAN to another. IP forwarding is also referred to as ‘bridging’ networks.
On the ‘gateway’ PC:
Ensure that a correct IP address is specified for each network card and that the IP address is static and not allocated from a DHCP server.
On Windows NT:
- Open ‘Control Panel’
- Double click on ‘Network’.
- Click the ‘Protocols’ tab.
- Double click on ‘TCP/IP Protocol’.
- Click the ‘Routing’ tab.
- Tick ‘Enable IP Forwarding’
On Windows XP:
- Open ‘Control Panel’
- Double click on ‘Network Connections’ to open it.
- Select/highlight the two network connections to ‘bridge’.
- Right click and select ‘Bridge Connections’.
On the workstations that will use the gateway, the workstation must be set-up to use the gateway:
Open a command/DOS session.
Type:
Route add -pmask Or
Route add -pmask For example, if the remote subnet address is 192.0.0.x with a mask of 255.255.255.0, and the address of the gateway on the local LAN is 10.1.137.1, then the route command would be:
Route –p add 192.0.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0 10.1.137.1or this could be expressed using the name of the gateway thus:
Route –p add 192.0.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0 GatePCThe ‘-p’ flag makes the route permanent across reboots. By default route changes are lost when the workstation is rebooted.
Instead of specifying the IP address of the gateway, the name of the gateway can be specified.
You will need to be logged in as a local administrator of the workstation to do this.
Workstations that will use the gateway will not know the IP addresses of the ‘remote’ workstations. These must be defined explicitly:
Edit or create the file ‘C:\WINNT\System32\drivers\etc\lmhosts.sam’ with a text editor (such as notepad).
For example, if the remote computer were called ‘portable_brain’ and its IP address on the remote network were ‘10.1.128.29’ then the following should be appended to the lmhosts file:
10.1.128.29 portable_brainAs a rule each computer listed in the lmhosts file should have a reciprocal entry in its lmhosts file.
Open ‘Control Panel’
Double click on ‘Network’.
Click the ‘Protocols’ tab.
Double click on ‘TCP/IP Protocol’.
Click the ‘WINS addresses’ tab.
Tick ‘Enable LMHOSTS lookup’
Click ‘[Import LMHOSTS…]’
Open the file ‘C:\WINNT\System32\drivers\etc\lmhosts.sam’
Note:
These notes have been tested with Windows NT4, W2K and XP Workstation.
/etc/network/interfacesand adjust it to your needs (in this example setup I will use the IP address 192.168.0.100):
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# This is a list of hotpluggable network interfaces.
# They will be activated automatically by the hotplug subsystem.
mapping hotplug
script grep
map eth0
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1
To reset the DRM system, do the following:
Warning
This will delete all media usage rights and you will not be able to play any protected files until the new media usage rights are downloaded. Microsoft Recorded TV Shows (DVR-MS files), however, will be deleted and cannot be replaced.
| 1. | Verify that Windows is configured to show hidden files and protected operating system files. If your computer is running Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005, you should also stop the Media Center receiver service by typing net stop ehrecvr at a command prompt. | ||||||||
| 2. | Open the Windows Media DRM folder. This folder is usually at C:\public\DRM. If you cannot find the DRM folder, do the following:
| ||||||||
| 3. | In the Windows Media DRM folder, select and delete all of the files, and then restart the computer. | ||||||||
| 4. | To download new media usage rights for a file, start the Player and play the file. The Player will contact the online store and attempt to download new rights. If you want to download rights for a lot of files, you can also contact your online store to find out if the store provides the ability to restore or renew rights for all files that you have obtained from the store. |
To resolve this issue, restore your computer to the original hardware configuration or to the original BIOS settings. Restoring your computer will probably correct these issues. If you can resolve the DRM issue by restoring your hardware configuration or BIOS settings and if you plan to change hardware components in the future, follow steps 1 through 5 later in this section. If you have not made hardware changes or if restoring the hardware configuration does not correct the issue, follow steps 3 through 5.
Caution: If you go directly to step 3 and you do not have a recent backup of your licence, you may not be able to play protected files that you previously downloaded. If you experience this issue, contact the content provider to determine how to download new licenses for these files. An example of a content provider is the store where you bought the protected files.
1. Back up your licence. To do this, follow these steps:
a. In Microsoft Windows Media Player, on the Tools menu, click Manage Licence in Windows Media Player 10, or click Licence Management in Windows Media Player 7.x through Windows Media Player 9.
To change the backup location, click Change, and then select a location where you want to store backup copies of your licence.
b. Click Back Up Now.
Note The licence issuer, such as the online store where you bought the protected file, determines whether you are permitted to back up a specific licence. Therefore, you may not be able to back up all your licences. If you cannot back up the licence for a particular file, you cannot restore that licence after you change your hardware component. If you cannot restore a licence, you cannot play the protected file.
For more information, visit the Web site of the licence issuer to determine whether they support the Backup and Restore feature of Windows Media DRM.
2. Make the changes that you want to make to your computer hardware.
3. Reset Windows Media DRM by deleting all the files in the Windows Media DRM folder. Note that the Windows Media DRM folder is a hidden system folder. To view hidden files and folders, follow these steps:
a. Click Start, and then click My Computer.
b. On the Tools menu, click Folder Options, and then click the View tab.
c. Click Show hidden files and folders, and then click to clear the Hide protected operating system files check box.
The following are the typical locations of the Windows Media DRM folder, depending on your operating system version: • Windows Vista: C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\DRM
- Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\DRM
- Windows 98: C:\Windows\All Users\DRM
- Windows Millennium Edition: C:\Windows\DRM
If you cannot find the Windows Media DRM folder, the exact location of the folder on the computer is stored in the following registry key. Make sure that this key points to a valid path:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\DRM\DataPath
Note By default, the path is displayed in binary format. To see the path in plain-text format, double-click DataPath. In the Edit Binary Value dialog box, the path is displayed in the column on the right.
4. Individualize the Windows Media DRM system.
To install the latest Windows Media DRM components, see the instructions on the following Microsoft Web site:
http://go.microsoft.com/FWLink?LinkID=34506 (http://go.microsoft.com/FWLink?LinkID=34506)
5. Restore your licences. To do this, follow these steps:
a. In Windows Media Player, on the Tools menu, click Manage Licences if you have Windows Media Player 10, or click License Management if you have Windows Media Player 7.x through Windows Media Player 9.
b. Select the location of the backup copies of your licences. If you need to, insert the floppy disk where your licences are stored.
c. Click Restore Now.
Each email you receive comes with headers. The headers contain information about the routing of the email and the originating IP of the email. Not all emails you receive can be traced back to the originating point and depending on how you send emails determines whether or not they can trace the email back to you. The headers don't contain any personal information. At most, you can get the originating IP and the computer name that sent the email. The originating IP can be looked up to determine from where the email was sent. IP address location information DOES NOT contain your street address or phone number. It will most likely determine the city and the ISP the sender used.
Each email program will vary as to how you get to the email options. I'll cover the basics...the rest is up to you.
Right click the email while it's in the inbox and choose Message Options. A window will open with the headers in the bottom of the window.
Right click the email while it's in the inbox, choose Properties, then click the Details tab.
Open the email. In the upper right corner of the email you'll see the word Reply with a little down arrow to the right. Click the down arrow and choose Show Original.
Right click the email in the inbox and choose View Message Source.
Right click the email in the inbox and choose View Full Headers.
You can see that no matter the email program, the headers are usually just a right click away.
Usually the first IP listed is where the email originated. There are exceptions to this. You'll have to look at the information logically to deduce the originating IP.
Yes and No. For example, someone who sends an email to your hotmail account shows in the X-Originating IP section of the headers. However, someone who sends you an email from GMail can ONLY be traced back to the GMail servers.
to restart the network.